What Is a Mandacaru? Plant Care and Uses

The Mandacaru is a large, tree-like cactus native to Brazil, recognized for its impressive height and ability to survive in arid environments. It has a thick, woody trunk with numerous green, segmented branches. This structure allows it to store water and endure long periods of drought, making it a resilient and noteworthy species.

Identifying the Mandacaru

Scientifically known as Cereus jamacaru, this cactus grows in a columnar fashion with green or bluish-green stems. These stems have four to six prominent, slightly wavy ribs. Along these ribs are areoles, small, felted areas from which clusters of sharp spines emerge. The spines are initially yellowish or brown, turning gray or black with age.

A primary identifying feature is its large, white flowers. These blossoms are nocturnal, opening at dusk and withering by the next morning. After pollination by moths or bats, the plant produces an egg-shaped fruit with a reddish-purple exterior and a white, edible pulp filled with small black seeds.

Native Habitat and Cultural Significance

The Mandacaru is native to the Caatinga, a semi-arid biome in northeastern Brazil. Its ability to thrive where other plants falter has made it a symbol for the people of the Brazilian sertão, or backlands. For the Sertanejos, the inhabitants of this region, the Mandacaru represents resilience, strength, and hope.

This cactus is deeply embedded in Brazilian culture, appearing in folklore, art, and music. It is famously referenced by musician Luiz Gonzaga, whose songs depict life in the sertão. In his music, the blooming of the Mandacaru signals the end of the dry season and the return of rain, linking it to renewal and prosperity.

Practical Uses of the Mandacaru

The Mandacaru serves several practical purposes for people and animals. It is a source of food and water for livestock, particularly during severe droughts. Ranchers burn or cut off the sharp spines to make the succulent stems accessible for cattle to eat.

The fruit of the Mandacaru is also consumed by people. Known for its sweet, white pulp, the fruit can be eaten fresh or used to make juices and jams. Additionally, the cactus is planted to create living fences, as its tall, spiny, and dense growth forms a natural barrier.

How to Grow Mandacaru

Light

This cactus is native to sun-drenched landscapes and requires full, direct sunlight. When planted outdoors, choose a location that receives at least six to eight hours of direct sun daily. If grown indoors, place it in the sunniest possible spot, such as a south-facing window.

Soil

As a desert plant, Mandacaru is susceptible to root rot if its roots remain wet, so it requires well-draining soil. A commercial potting mix for cacti and succulents is a suitable choice. You can also create your own mix by combining potting soil with sand or perlite.

Water

Use the “soak and dry” method, watering the plant thoroughly until water runs from the drainage holes. Allow the soil to dry out completely before watering again. Overwatering is a common mistake and should be avoided. During the winter dormant period, reduce watering significantly.

Temperature and Frost Tolerance

Mandacaru thrives in warm conditions and has a high tolerance for heat but is not frost-tolerant. Temperatures of 25°F (-3.9°C) or below can cause stem damage. In regions with cold winters, grow it in a container that can be moved indoors when frost is expected.

Fertilizer

A modest amount of fertilizer can support growth during the spring and summer. Use a balanced, low-nitrogen fertilizer for cacti and succulents. Apply the diluted fertilizer once a month during active growth and cease fertilizing during the fall and winter when growth slows.