What Causes Brown Spots on a Money Tree?

The Pachira aquatica, commonly known as the money tree, is a durable and popular houseplant, recognized for its braided trunk and vibrant green leaves. Originating from the wetlands of Central and South America, it has adapted well to indoor environments. For many plant owners, the appearance of brown spots on the leaves can be a source of worry. These discolorations are a plant’s way of communicating distress, but the issues behind them are typically straightforward to diagnose and resolve with attentive care.

Common Causes of Brown Spots

Overwatering and Root Rot

The most frequent reason for brown spots on a money tree is overwatering. When the soil remains saturated for extended periods, it prevents the roots from accessing oxygen. This condition can lead to root rot, a fungal disease that attacks the root system. As the roots decay, they lose their ability to absorb water and nutrients, causing leaves to develop soft, brown spots. The plant may also exhibit yellowing leaves and a wilted appearance, even when the soil is wet.

Underwatering and Low Humidity

Conversely, insufficient water can also cause browning, though the appearance is different. An underwatered money tree will develop dry, crispy brown tips and leaf margins. This occurs because the plant is not receiving enough moisture to keep its tissues hydrated. Similarly, money trees are tropical plants that prefer humid conditions. In dry indoor air, the leaves can lose moisture to the atmosphere faster than the roots can absorb it, resulting in similar desiccated brown edges.

Sunburn

Money trees thrive in bright, indirect light, but their leaves are susceptible to damage from intense, direct sunlight. When exposed to harsh sun, the leaf cells can be destroyed, creating scorched or bleached-looking brown patches. These spots feel dry and appear on the parts of the leaves receiving the most direct light.

Pest Infestations

Tiny insects can be another source of brown spots. Pests like spider mites and mealybugs feed by sucking sap from the plant tissue, leaving behind a pattern of small, discolored dots. A significant infestation can cause leaves to turn yellow and then brown as they die. You might notice fine webbing on the undersides of leaves, a sign of spider mites, or a sticky substance called honeydew, secreted by pests like scale and mealybugs.

Fertilizer or Mineral Burn

An accumulation of salts in the soil can also lead to brown leaf tips and edges. This buildup can come from two sources: excessive fertilization or the minerals present in tap water. Over-fertilizing provides more nutrients than the plant can use, and the residual salts can damage the roots. Tap water contains minerals like fluoride and chlorine, which can accumulate and cause a similar browning effect on the leaf margins.

How to Treat Affected Leaves

When you notice brown spots, the first step is to address the physical damage. Removing affected parts helps the plant conserve energy for new growth. For leaves with minor browning at the tips, use clean, sharp scissors to trim away the dead tissue. It is helpful to follow the natural shape of the leaf to maintain a more aesthetic appearance.

If a leaf is more than fifty percent brown, it is better to remove the entire leaf. This allows the plant to stop expending energy on a leaf that is no longer photosynthesizing efficiently. Use sterile pruning shears to make a clean cut at the base of the leaf stem. Regularly removing dying foliage also improves air circulation, which can help prevent fungal issues.

Preventing Brown Spots with Proper Care

Consistent and appropriate care is the most effective way to prevent brown spots. Money trees do best in bright, indirect sunlight, such as near an east-facing window or a few feet from a brighter window. Direct sun can scorch the leaves, so it is important to filter the light.

Proper watering is fundamental to the health of a money tree. You should water the plant thoroughly, but only when the top two to three inches of soil have completely dried out. This practice prevents the soil from becoming waterlogged, a primary cause of root rot. Ensure the pot has drainage holes and always empty the saucer beneath it after watering.

Using a well-draining potting mix is also beneficial. A mix designed for cacti or succulents, or a standard potting soil amended with perlite or sand, will provide the aeration the roots need. While money trees are adaptable, they appreciate higher humidity levels, which can be achieved by placing the plant on a pebble tray with water or using a humidifier nearby.