Is Foxtail Fern Poisonous to Humans?

The foxtail fern, known botanically as Asparagus densiflorus, is a popular plant for both homes and gardens. It is admired for its unique, plume-like fronds that resemble the bushy tail of a fox. While it is not a true fern, this member of the asparagus family is valued for its hardiness and distinctive appearance.

Toxicity of Foxtail Ferns to Humans

All parts of the foxtail fern are considered mildly toxic to humans if they are ingested. The toxicity is attributed to the presence of natural chemical compounds known as steroidal saponins. These substances are found throughout the plant but are most concentrated in the bright red berries that the plant produces, which can be mistaken for something edible. These berries are the primary concern for accidental poisoning.

Direct contact with the plant’s sap can also cause a reaction in some people, which manifests as a minor skin irritation or contact dermatitis. The compound responsible for this is sapogenin, a component of the plant’s saponins. This reaction is a potential effect of handling the plant, particularly if the stems are broken or pruned.

Symptoms and First Aid for Ingestion

Ingesting parts of the foxtail fern, especially the berries, leads to gastrointestinal distress. Common symptoms include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. The severity of these symptoms often depends on the amount of plant material consumed, though it is unlikely that a person would ingest enough to cause a severe reaction.

If any part of the plant is eaten, it is important to seek guidance from a medical professional or contact a poison control center immediately.

Safety Precautions for Pets and Children

The foxtail fern is also toxic to cats and dogs, causing similar gastrointestinal issues if ingested. It is wise to take preventative measures to keep the plant away from pets and small children who may be tempted by the colorful berries or feathery foliage. Placing foxtail ferns on high shelves or in hanging baskets can effectively keep them out of reach.

When pruning or handling the plant, wearing gloves is a sensible precaution to minimize the risk of skin irritation from the sap. Should the plant’s sap come into contact with your skin and cause irritation, the recommended first aid is to wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water.