How to Propagate Cactus Pups From the Mother Plant
Learn the patient technique for propagating cacti. This guide provides a clear path for turning small offsets into healthy, independently rooted new plants.
Many types of cacti reproduce by growing small offsets, known as pups. These pups are miniature versions of the parent plant that grow from the base or along the stems. The process involves separating these offshoots from the mother plant and encouraging them to grow their own root systems, resulting in a new, independent cactus.
Gathering Supplies and Identifying Pups
Before beginning, identify a pup that is ready for removal. A suitable pup is one that has grown to at least an inch in diameter or is roughly one-third the size of the parent plant. Some pups may even begin to develop their own tiny roots while still attached to the mother plant, which is a good sign of maturity.
To perform the removal safely, a few items are needed. Thick leather or cactus-proof gloves will protect your hands from sharp spines. You will also require a clean, sharp knife or pruning shears; sterilizing the blade with alcohol helps prevent introducing pathogens. Have a small pot with drainage holes and a well-draining cactus soil mix ready for the new plant.
The Separation and Curing Process
For many cacti, the pup can be detached with a gentle twist and pull. If the pup is firmly attached, use your sterilized knife to make a clean cut as close to the base of the mother plant as possible. Making the cut on the parent plant at a slight 45-degree angle can help water run off the wound and prevent rot.
After separation, the cut surface of the pup must cure, or form a callus. This step prevents the pup from rotting when it is planted. Place the pup in a dry location with good air circulation and indirect sunlight. Over the next few days to two weeks, the wound will dry and form a hard scab, indicating it is ready for planting.
Potting Your New Cactus Pup
Once the pup’s wound has callused, it is ready to be potted. Select a small container that is only slightly larger than the diameter of the pup to help prevent the soil from retaining too much moisture. Use the well-draining cactus soil mix you prepared earlier.
To plant the pup, place the callused end onto the surface of the soil. Gently press it down just enough so that it is stable and stands upright. Covering about one-third to one-half of its base with the soil mix is sufficient to anchor it without encouraging rot. Some gardeners add a top layer of gravel to help keep the base of the pup dry.
Caring for a Newly Potted Pup
Do not water the pup immediately after planting. Wait at least a week or two before providing any moisture, as this initial dry period encourages the pup to send out new roots in search of water. When you do begin watering, do so sparingly by only moistening the soil.
Place the potted pup in a location where it will receive bright, indirect sunlight, as direct sun can be too intense for a young plant. Over the next four to six weeks, the pup should develop roots. You can check for root growth by giving the pup a gentle tug; resistance means roots have formed. Once rooted, gradually acclimate it to more direct sunlight and begin a regular watering schedule, allowing the soil to dry out completely between waterings.