How to Propagate and Mount a Staghorn Fern

Staghorn ferns, with their unique antler-like fronds, are epiphytic plants that naturally grow on trees but can be cultivated in homes by mounting them to boards. A mature staghorn fern can be propagated through division, a process of separating parts of the plant to create new ones. This is a straightforward way to multiply your collection or share with others.

Preparing for Propagation

Timing is a significant factor for successful propagation, with the ideal period being the active growing season of spring or early summer. During this time, the fern is most vigorous and can more readily recover from the stress of division. This seasonal growth provides the energy needed for a new plant to establish its root system and produce fronds. Propagating during the plant’s dormancy in fall or winter can inhibit this recovery process.

Before making any cuts, identify a viable offshoot, or “pup,” which is a small plantlet that develops from the base of the parent fern. A pup ready for separation should be at least four to six inches across and possess its own fertile and shield fronds. The green, antler-like fronds are fertile, while the small, round shield fronds protect the roots and anchor the plant.

You will need a few tools for the division and mounting process:

• A sharp, sterilized knife or serrated blade for a clean cut.
• A suitable mounting surface, like driftwood, cork bark, or a wooden plaque.
• A supply of sphagnum moss.
• Monofilament fishing line or plant wire to secure the new plant.

How to Propagate by Division

For mounted ferns, it is easier to work with the plant by taking it down from the wall. This allows for better access and leverage when separating the pup from the mother plant. Laying the plant flat gives you a clear view of where the pup is attached and how to best approach the separation.

With your sterilized knife, carefully cut to separate the pup from the main plant. The goal is to slice through the dense root ball and the connecting shield frond that binds the pup to the parent. Be generous with the cut, ensuring the pup retains a substantial portion of its own roots and at least one shield frond, as this helps it establish itself faster.

Feel for the area where the pup connects to the main rhizome underneath the shield fronds. The cut should be decisive and clean to avoid crushing the plant’s structures. A gentle prying or twisting motion can help free the pup after the initial cuts have been made, but avoid using force. Once separated, the pup is ready for mounting.

Mounting and Aftercare for New Pups

To mount the pup, begin by soaking sphagnum moss in water until it is fully saturated, then squeeze out the excess so it is damp but not dripping. Create a firm mound of this moist moss in the center of your chosen mounting board. This mound will serve as the growing medium for the fern’s roots.

Place the base of the pup onto the moss mound, pressing it down firmly so the root ball makes good contact and the flat shield frond is flush against the moss. To secure the pup, wrap fishing line or wire over the shield frond and root ball, crisscrossing in various directions. Tie it off securely on the back of the board, but avoid wrapping the line over any green, antler-like fronds to prevent damage.

Place the mount in a location that receives bright, indirect light and has good air circulation. The moss should be kept consistently moist, which may require misting or light watering every few days. High humidity is beneficial, so a bathroom or kitchen can be a suitable environment. Refrain from fertilizing until you see signs of new growth, which indicates the pup has established.