How to Play Ultin: The Filipino Game of Tag

Ultin, an energetic version of tag, is a traditional Filipino game enjoyed by children across the Philippines. Also known as “ulitin,” which translates to “repeat,” this game is a familiar sight in schoolyards and neighborhood streets. As a classic form of outdoor play passed down through generations, its simple structure and reliance on player agility have cemented its place in Filipino childhood.

The Objective and Basic Setup

The core purpose of ultin revolves around the designated player who is “it,” called the “taya” in the Philippines. The taya’s goal is to tag any of the other players, while the objective for everyone else is to evade the taya’s touch. The game begins once a taya is chosen from the group.

There are several traditional methods for selecting the first taya. One of the most common is “jack-en-poy,” the Filipino counterpart to rock-paper-scissors. Another popular method involves a counting-out rhyme, where one person recites a chant while pointing to each player, and the person on whom the rhyme ends becomes the taya.

Once the taya is determined, the group must establish the boundaries of the play area. This space is often defined by natural landmarks like trees or human-made structures such as walls or fences. Defining the playing field keeps the game contained and prevents players from running too far.

How to Play Ultin

A round of ultin commences with the taya at a designated starting point, often a post or a wall that serves as the home base. The taya closes their eyes and counts aloud to a number agreed upon by all players, typically ten or twenty. This counting period gives the other participants a chance to run and find a strategic position within the play area.

Upon reaching the agreed-upon number, the taya opens their eyes and shouts, “Ready or not, here I come!” to signal the start of the chase. The taya then pursues the other players, who use their speed and cleverness to avoid being tagged. The other players will often taunt the taya to draw their attention, creating diversions that allow others to move to safer positions.

The central action is the “tag,” a direct physical touch from the taya to another player. The moment a player is tagged, they immediately assume the role of the new taya. The new taya cannot immediately tag the person who just tagged them, a rule often called “no tag-backs,” which allows the previous taya a fair chance to get away. The game continues with the role of the taya shifting each time a successful tag is made.

Common Variations of the Game

To add complexity, several variations of ultin are played. One of the most widespread is the introduction of a “bahay” or “base.” This designated safe zone, such as a tree or a marked area, is a place where players are immune from being tagged by the taya. This variation introduces a strategic element, as players must balance the safety of the base with the risk of moving in the open.

Rules are often applied to the bahay to keep the game moving. For instance, players might only be allowed to stay in the safe zone for a limited time, such as a count of ten. Sometimes, only a certain number of players can occupy the base at one time, forcing others to remain vulnerable.

Another variation involves having multiple players as the taya simultaneously, which is useful for large groups. This increases the difficulty for the runners, as they must be aware of threats from multiple directions. In some versions, tagged players might join the taya, growing the “it” team until only one person remains untagged, who is then declared the winner.

Cultural Significance and Origins

Ultin is considered a “Laro ng Lahi,” which translates to “Game of our Heritage.” These traditional Filipino games are an important part of the national culture, passed down through generations. They historically required minimal to no equipment, relying on the players themselves and making them accessible to children from all walks of life. The term Laro ng Lahi was popularized by the Samahang Makasining organization to help preserve these indigenous games.

The game has long been a part of social life for Filipino children, played in community spaces from urban alleyways to rural fields. It serves as a tool for community bonding, helping children build friendships and navigate social dynamics. In an era before digital devices, games like ultin were a primary source of entertainment that encouraged children to be outdoors and physically active. The simple act of running and chasing together helps to strengthen community ties.

Skills Developed Through Play

Playing ultin contributes to the development of a range of physical abilities. The constant running, dodging, and quick changes in direction enhance a child’s agility, speed, and stamina. The act of reaching out to tag someone or swerving to avoid a tag sharpens hand-eye coordination and spatial awareness.

Beyond the physical aspects, the game also nurtures cognitive and social skills. Players must engage in strategic thinking as they plan their movements and anticipate the actions of the taya. Making split-second decisions about when to run or where to hide develops quick problem-solving abilities.

The game provides a platform for social learning. Through their interactions, players learn about sportsmanship, including how to win and lose gracefully. They also practice communication and negotiation when setting up the rules and boundaries before the game begins.