How to Grow and Care for the Borage Herb

Borage, or Borago officinalis, is an annual herb from the Mediterranean region. It is identified by stems and leaves covered in a fine, bristly fuzz and produces vibrant, star-shaped blue flowers that hang in downward-facing clusters. Known for its rapid growth, borage has a somewhat gangly but striking appearance in a garden.

How to Grow Borage

Cultivating borage is straightforward, as its seeds grow well when sown directly into the garden. The ideal time for planting is in the spring, after the final threat of frost has passed. Plant seeds approximately one-quarter to one-half inch deep. Once seedlings reach six to eight inches in height, they should be thinned to a spacing of 18 to 24 inches apart to allow for mature growth.

Borage thrives in a location that receives full sun but can also manage in light shade. It is not particular about soil quality and can grow in nutrient-poor conditions, though it performs best in moderately moist, well-draining soil. While established plants are drought-tolerant, they grow larger if watered during prolonged dry spells. For young plants, keeping the soil evenly moist helps them become established.

A defining characteristic of borage is its tendency to self-seed. If the flowers are left to fade, they will drop numerous small, black seeds that often germinate the following spring. This means a single planting can lead to a returning patch of borage year after year.

Harvesting Borage

Harvesting borage differs for its flowers and leaves. Flowers should be picked just as they open for peak color and freshness. These delicate blossoms are a popular edible garnish.

For the leaves, select them when they are young and tender. As the plant matures, the leaves develop a tougher texture and the fine hairs become more pronounced. Pruning the plant by half in mid-summer can encourage a new flush of tender leaves. To collect seeds, allow flowers to fade and dry on the stem, then shake the ripe seeds into a container.

Benefits and Uses of Borage

Borage offers several applications in the kitchen and garden. The leaves have a distinct flavor reminiscent of cucumber, making them a refreshing addition to salads, soups, and stews. The flowers are also edible and serve as a beautiful garnish for desserts and salads. A popular use for the blooms is to freeze them into ice cubes, adding a decorative touch to summer drinks.

In the garden, borage is a valuable companion plant. Its vibrant blue flowers are effective at attracting pollinators like bees, which can improve the pollination of nearby fruit and vegetable crops. The plant also draws in other beneficial insects while deterring certain pests. It is a good companion for tomatoes, squash, and strawberries, and is thought to deter tomato hornworms.

Common Borage Problems

Borage can encounter a few common issues. It is sometimes susceptible to powdery mildew, particularly in humid conditions or when grown in areas with insufficient sunlight. Ensuring plants have good air circulation by following proper spacing guidelines helps prevent this fungal problem. Aphids may also appear but can be managed with organic insecticidal sprays if they become a problem.

The most common challenge is managing its vigorous self-seeding. While this trait is beneficial for those who want a continuous supply, it can become aggressive if not controlled. To prevent unwanted spread, deadhead the flowers before they produce and drop seeds. Another technique is to pull or thin out new seedlings in the spring to keep the patch contained.