How to Grow and Care for the Alula Plant

The Alula plant, Brighamia insignis, is a distinctive plant called the “Hawaiian palm” or “cabbage on a stick.” This name comes from its thick, succulent-like trunk topped with a rosette of large, glossy green leaves. Despite its common name, it is not a palm but a member of the bellflower family, Campanulaceae. Its journey from Hawaiian cliffs to homes is a story of conservation.

The Story of the Alula Plant

The Alula is native to the sea cliffs of the Hawaiian islands of Kauaʻi and Niʻihau. For centuries, it thrived by gripping volcanic rock crevices. The plant is now extinct in the wild, with the last known individual disappearing around 2020. Its decline was driven by habitat loss, invasive species, and grazing by feral goats.

The most significant factor was the loss of its natural pollinator, a specific species of hawk moth that is now presumed extinct. Without this moth to transfer pollen between its yellow, trumpet-shaped flowers, the plants could not reproduce. This failure pushed the species toward extinction.

Its survival is a result of human intervention. Botanists rappelled down cliffs to hand-pollinate the last wild plants and ensure seed production. These collected seeds were propagated in botanical gardens, creating the population that exists today. Every Alula plant is a descendant of these efforts.

Alula Plant Care

Light

The Alula plant thrives in bright, indirect sunlight. An ideal location is near an east-facing window for gentle morning sun, or a few feet back from a south or west-facing window. This positioning prevents the intense afternoon sun from scorching its leaves. If grown outdoors, it requires partial shade.

Soil

Excellent drainage is the most important quality for an Alula’s soil, mimicking its native cliffside habitat. A commercial cactus or succulent potting mix provides a good base. To improve aeration and prevent root decay, amend the mix with materials like perlite, pumice, or black cinder. This creates a substrate that allows water to flow through freely.

Water

The Alula’s thick, water-storing trunk makes it susceptible to overwatering. Use the “soak and dry” method by watering thoroughly until water runs from the pot’s drainage holes. Then, wait for the soil to dry out almost completely before watering again. You can check the moisture level by inserting a finger a couple of inches into the soil. Underwatering is a much smaller risk than overwatering.

Temperature and Humidity

The Alula is well-suited to indoor environments, preferring temperatures between 60°F and 80°F (15°C to 27°C). It adapts well to average home humidity levels. Place it away from drafts from air conditioning vents or frequently opened doors to prevent stress on the plant.

Fertilizer

To support its growth, the Alula benefits from feeding during its active seasons in spring and fall. A balanced liquid fertilizer, diluted to half-strength, can be applied every two to four weeks. Suspend all feeding during its summer dormancy period.

Understanding Alula Dormancy

A unique characteristic of the Alula is its summer dormancy period. As temperatures rise, the plant enters a resting state to conserve water. During this time, it is normal for the plant to shed its lower leaves gradually, sometimes leaving only a small tuft at the top or a bare stem.

This is a healthy response to seasonal changes, not a sign of illness. When dormancy begins, reduce watering significantly and stop fertilizing entirely. New leaf growth will resume at the crown in the fall, signaling a time to return to its regular care routine.

Common Problems with the Alula Plant

Pests are a primary concern, with spider mites being a common adversary. These pests can be identified by fine webbing between the leaves. An infestation can be managed by wiping the leaves and stem or spraying the plant with an insecticidal soap or neem oil solution.

Root rot is another frequent problem, caused by overwatering and poor drainage. The first signs are yellowing leaves, but a definitive symptom is a soft, mushy, or blackened base of the stem. Once root rot sets in, it is very difficult to reverse.

If an Alula plant suddenly sheds all its leaves, rather than the slow drop associated with dormancy, it may be a sign of severe distress. This can be a reaction to extreme overwatering, underwatering, or sudden environmental shock. Assess your recent care practices to identify the cause.