How to Grow and Care for Philodendron Peltatum

The Philodendron peltatum, also known as the Shield or Spade Leaf Philodendron, is a climbing aroid native to Central and South American rainforests. Its defining feature is its large, peltate leaves, where the stem attaches to the center of the leaf blade instead of the edge. As the plant matures, these heart-shaped leaves develop a quilted texture and a subtle metallic sheen.

Core Care Requirements

Light

Philodendron peltatum thrives in bright, indirect light. Place it near an east or north-facing window, or a few feet from a south or west-facing window to avoid intense sun. Direct sunlight will scorch the leaves. While the plant tolerates medium light, its growth may slow and the leaves might not reach their full size, but proper lighting enhances the silver tones in its veining.

Soil

Use a well-draining and airy soil mix to ensure roots have adequate aeration and do not become waterlogged. A standard aroid mix containing components like orchid bark, perlite, and coco coir is effective. The soil should also be rich in organic matter to provide nutrients.

Water

Water your Philodendron peltatum using the “soak and dry” method. Water thoroughly until it drains from the pot, then allow the top few inches of soil to dry out before the next watering. You can check the soil moisture with your finger to determine when it’s ready. It is better to underwater than to let the plant sit in soggy soil.

Temperature and Humidity

As a tropical plant, this philodendron prefers warm and humid conditions, with a temperature range between 65°F and 85°F (18°C to 29°C). Avoid placing it near cold drafts from windows or air conditioners. While it adapts to average household humidity, it will flourish in levels between 60% and 80%. You can increase humidity by misting, using a humidifier, or placing the pot on a pebble tray.

Fertilizer

During the spring and summer growing season, feed your Philodendron peltatum monthly with a balanced liquid fertilizer diluted to half-strength to prevent harm. In the fall and winter, when growth slows, reduce fertilization to every six to eight weeks.

Structural Support and Growth Habit

Philodendron peltatum is a natural climber that develops larger, more mature leaves when given support. In a home, a moss pole or trellis mimics its native habitat where it climbs trees to reach light. The plant’s aerial roots will attach to the support for stability and can absorb moisture from a damp moss pole.

To train the plant, gently attach the vine to the support with plant ties or soft string. As it grows, continue to guide new growth upwards. This encourages a more upright and contained form, as without support, the plant may become leggy or grow horizontally.

Propagation Methods

Propagate Philodendron peltatum using stem cuttings in either water or soil. With clean pruners, take a 4 to 6-inch cutting from a healthy stem, ensuring it has at least one node—the bump where new roots will form. Remove any leaves from the lower portion of the cutting.

For water propagation, submerge the nodes in a jar of water placed in bright, indirect light, changing the water every few days. Transfer it to soil once the roots are about an inch long. To propagate in soil, plant the cutting in a moist, well-draining mix, keeping the soil consistently moist while roots develop. Using a rooting hormone on the cut end is optional.

Common Issues and Solutions

Pests like spider mites and mealybugs can affect this plant. Spider mites are identified by fine webbing, while mealybugs look like small, white, cottony masses. Treat these pests with insecticidal soap, or for mealybugs, wipe leaves with a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol.

Yellowing leaves often signal overwatering, which can cause root rot. If you see yellow leaves, allow the soil to dry out more between waterings. However, the occasional yellowing of older, lower leaves is a natural part of the plant’s aging process.

Leggy growth with long stems and sparse leaves indicates the plant needs more light. Move it to a location with brighter, indirect light to encourage fuller, more compact growth.

Repotting Guidelines

Repot your Philodendron peltatum every one to two years, or when it becomes root-bound. Signs include roots growing from the drainage holes or water running straight through the pot. The best time to repot is during the spring or summer growing season.

Choose a new pot that is one to two inches larger in diameter. Gently remove the plant, inspect the roots, and trim any that are dead or mushy. Place it in the new pot with fresh potting mix, fill in the sides, and water thoroughly to help it settle.