How to Grow and Care for Ficus Maclellandii

The Ficus maclellandii, commonly known as the Alii Ficus or Banana-Leaf Fig, is a popular indoor tree native to India, Southeast Asia, and China. It is distinguished by its long, slender, olive-green leaves that droop gracefully from its branches, offering a softer appearance compared to its Ficus relatives. This species is more durable and less demanding than many Ficus relatives, making it an appealing option for an indoor tree without intensive care.

Ficus Maclellandii Care Guide

Light

Proper lighting is a primary consideration for the health of a Ficus maclellandii. The plant thrives in bright, indirect light, which mimics the dappled sunlight of its native habitat. An ideal placement is near an east-facing window or a few feet back from a south or west-facing window to avoid direct sun exposure that can scorch its leaves. While more tolerant of lower light than other Ficus trees, insufficient light can lead to sparse growth and increase the risk of root rot.

Soil

A well-draining and aerated potting medium is necessary for this plant. The soil must retain some moisture without becoming waterlogged, as Ficus trees are susceptible to root issues in overly wet conditions. Most standard, high-quality houseplant potting mixes will suffice, particularly those that incorporate materials like perlite or pine bark to improve drainage and air circulation around the root system.

Water

Watering frequency depends heavily on the amount of light the plant receives. A reliable method is to check the soil moisture before watering, allowing the top one to two inches of soil to dry out completely. When it is time to water, do so thoroughly until water runs from the drainage holes, then discard any excess from the saucer.

Temperature and Humidity

This ficus prefers a stable environment with temperatures between 60°F and 75°F (16°C to 24°C). It can tolerate brief drops in temperature but should be protected from cold drafts from windows or doors, which can stress the plant. Average household humidity is adequate, but the plant appreciates a more humid environment, which can be achieved by placing the pot on a pebble tray filled with water or by misting the leaves.

Fertilizer

During the active growing seasons of spring and summer, the Ficus maclellandii benefits from regular feeding. A balanced, all-purpose liquid houseplant fertilizer applied every two to four weeks provides the necessary nutrients for healthy foliage. As growth slows in the fall and winter, fertilization should be reduced or stopped completely to allow the plant its natural dormancy period. Always dilute the fertilizer according to the product instructions to avoid burning the roots.

Pruning and Repotting

To maintain a desired shape and size, pruning can be performed at any time of the year. Using clean, sharp pruning shears, you can trim branches just above a leaf or an existing stem to encourage bushier growth. This process is also useful for removing any dead, weak, or crossing branches, which improves air circulation. When cut, the plant will exude a milky white latex sap.

This slow-growing ficus requires repotting only every two to three years or when it becomes root-bound. Signs that a plant needs a new pot include roots filling the container or growing out of the drainage holes. The best time to repot is in the spring. When repotting, select a container one size larger with adequate drainage, gently move the plant to the new pot with fresh potting mix, and water it thoroughly. For mature plants, you can instead top-dress them annually by replacing the top few inches of soil with a fresh layer.

Propagation Methods

Propagating Ficus maclellandii is most successfully achieved through stem cuttings. It is best to take cuttings during the spring or summer when the plant is actively growing. Select a healthy branch and, using a sterile blade, take a cutting that is four to six inches long and has at least one leaf.

You can root the cutting in either water or soil. To root in water, place the cutting in a jar, ensuring no leaves are submerged, and change the water every few days until roots appear. For soil propagation, dip the cut end in a rooting hormone and plant it in a small pot with a moist, well-draining potting mix. Cover the pot with a clear plastic bag to create a humid environment, and keep the soil moist until new growth appears.

Common Problems

One of the most common issues with Ficus maclellandii is leaf drop. This is often a reaction to environmental stress rather than a disease. Sudden changes in light, temperature, or watering routines can cause the plant to shed its leaves as it adapts to new conditions.

Pests like spider mites, mealybugs, and scale can infest the plant. Regularly inspecting the leaves, particularly the undersides and crevices where branches meet the stem, can help you catch an infestation early. If pests are found, wipe them off with a damp cloth or use an insecticidal soap, following the product’s instructions.

Toxicity Information

Like other members of the Ficus genus, Ficus maclellandii contains a milky latex sap that is toxic to cats, dogs, and humans if ingested. Contact with this sap may also cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals. Wear gloves when handling a cut or damaged plant and place it in a location out of reach of pets and small children to prevent accidental ingestion.