Black Carnations: Meaning, Symbolism, and Uses
Examine the origins of the black carnation, from deep-hued natural varieties to dyed creations, and explore the complex messages they convey.
Black flowers hold a unique mystique, and the black carnation stands out as a particularly enigmatic bloom. Carnations, known scientifically as Dianthus caryophyllus, have been cultivated for over 2,000 years and are cherished for their ruffled petals and spicy, clove-like fragrance. While they come in a vast array of colors, the existence of a true black version is a subject of fascination.
The Reality of Black Carnations
In truth, no carnation variety is naturally pure black. The black appearance is achieved through one of two methods. The most common method is dyeing white or pale carnations to achieve a black hue. This process allows for a deep, uniform color that is not found in nature.
The alternative to dyed flowers is found in specific cultivars that are bred to have extremely dark petals. These varieties are not truly black but are a deep shade of red or purple that can appear black under certain lighting conditions. These naturally dark flowers are the closest one can get to a black carnation without artificial coloring and offer a more subtle, complex coloration than their dyed counterparts.
Symbolism and Meaning
The symbolism of the black carnation is rich and varied, often depending on cultural and historical context. A prevalent meaning is that of mourning and remembrance, making it a common choice for funerals and memorial services. In the Victorian era, the flower was used to signify love and loss. It serves as a respectful tribute and a symbol of farewell.
Beyond themes of loss, the black carnation has also been adopted as a symbol of mystery and rebellion. Its unusual color can represent a deep, intense love that is unique and not easily understood. In some contexts, it stands for defiance and resilience. This interpretation gained traction in the 1960s counterculture movement and has been associated with figures like Oscar Wilde, who used it to challenge societal norms.
In some Eastern traditions, black flowers are thought to absorb negative energy and symbolize rebirth, offering a protective quality.
Naturally Dark Carnation Varieties
For those seeking a natural alternative to dyed black carnations, several cultivars offer exceptionally dark blooms. The most well-known is the ‘King of the Blacks’, a variety that produces deep, wine-colored flowers that appear almost black. These blooms are a very dark purple or maroon and are prized for their dramatic, velvety appearance. Another variety, ‘Dianthus Passion’, produces double flowers in a dark red that can also appear black in low light. While not true black, their deep, saturated tones make them a popular choice for gardeners and florists and are known for their long vase life.
Creating Dyed Black Carnations
Creating dyed black carnations begins with fresh, white carnations. For the best results, it is recommended to leave the flowers out of water for a few hours to make them “thirsty,” which helps them absorb the dye more effectively. Prepare the stems by removing any lower foliage and cutting the ends at an angle to ensure the stems can draw up the liquid efficiently.
The dye solution can be made by mixing black floral dye or food coloring with warm water. A general guideline is to use 20 to 30 drops of food coloring for every half cup of water, or about two to three teaspoons of floral dye per quart of water. Place the prepared carnations into the dye solution and allow them to sit for several hours or even overnight. The longer they remain in the dye, the more intense the color will become.
Once the carnations have reached the desired shade, they can be removed from the dye. You can then place them in a clean vase with fresh water and a floral preservative to prolong their life.
Uses and Occasions
Black carnations, both dyed and naturally dark, are suited for a range of specific events and themes. Their strong association with mourning makes them a fitting choice for funerals and memorial services. Their dramatic and mysterious appearance also makes them popular for Halloween decorations and gothic-themed weddings or parties. In fashion, black carnations can be used in boutonnieres for formal occasions or in avant-garde floral arrangements where a bold statement is desired.