Bird of Paradise Roots: Care and Common Problems

The Bird of Paradise, or Strelitzia, is a popular houseplant known for its vibrant flowers and large, tropical leaves. This foliage is supported by a unique and powerful root system. Understanding the nature of these roots is fundamental to the plant’s long-term health and stability.

Root System Characteristics

The Bird of Paradise possesses a rhizomatous root system. This means it grows thick, underground stems called rhizomes responsible for storing water and nutrients. This storage capability allows the plant to endure periods of lower water availability, making it resilient to drought.

The roots themselves are thick and fleshy, which anchors the large plant and facilitates its propagation by giving rise to new shoots. The fleshy nature of the roots also helps protect the plant from temperature extremes.

Root Growth and Size

For potted Bird of Paradise plants, the roots will expand to fill the available space, growing downwards and circling the interior of the container. As the plant matures, its root system becomes dense and can exert considerable pressure on the pot.

When planted in the ground in a suitable climate, the root system can become extensive. The plant grows in a clumping manner, with the root system expanding outward from a central point. Due to their strong growth, it is recommended to avoid planting them too close to sidewalks or building foundations.

Common Root Problems

A primary issue for a Bird of Paradise is root rot. This fungal disease arises when the soil is overly wet or poorly drained. The initial signs appear in the foliage, with leaves turning yellow, a mushy texture at the base of the plant, and a foul odor from the soil.

Another challenge is the plant becoming root-bound. This occurs when the roots have completely filled the pot, leaving little room for soil. Signs of a root-bound plant include roots growing out of the drainage holes or pushing up through the soil, water running straight through the pot, and slowed growth.

Root Care and Repotting

Proper root care is tied to watering practices and knowing when to repot. Repotting should be considered when signs of a root-bound condition become apparent, and is best done in early spring. The fleshy roots are sensitive to damage, so they should not be disturbed too often.

When repotting, select a new container that is slightly larger than the current one and has adequate drainage holes. Carefully place the plant in the new pot, filling the space with a well-draining soil mix. After repotting, water thoroughly to help the soil settle.

Preventing root rot involves allowing the top layer of soil to dry out between waterings. This ensures the roots are in moist, but not soggy, soil.